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India applies GST in five main slabs — 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28% — assigned by HSN code for goods and SAC code for services. Most services fall under 18%; essential goods are nil-rated or 5%; luxury/sin goods attract 28% plus cess.
Exports of goods/services and supplies to SEZ units are "zero-rated" under GST — taxed at 0%, with full input tax credit still available, unlike exempt supplies where ITC is blocked. Exporters choose between LUT (no tax) or paying IGST and claiming a refund.
GST registration is done online on the GST portal using PAN, Aadhaar, business address proof and bank details, and typically takes 3–7 working days. Registration is mandatory once turnover crosses ₹40 lakh (goods) or ₹20 lakh (services).
Appointing a director requires their written consent (Form DIR-2), a DIN, and filing Form DIR-12 with the ROC within 30 days. Removal requires a board or shareholder resolution and also triggers a DIR-12 filing, with the outgoing director entitled to a reasonable opportunity to be heard.
GST registration itself is free of government fees — there is no official charge to register on the GST portal. Businesses typically pay only a professional service fee for document preparation and filing, plus a Digital Signature Certificate if applicable.
Increasing authorised share capital requires a board resolution, an ordinary shareholder resolution (if the articles permit), and filing Form SH-7 with the ROC along with the applicable stamp duty and government fee, which scale with the capital increase.
Most sectors in India allow 100% FDI under the automatic route with no prior approval. A few sensitive sectors — defence, print media, multi-brand retail — have caps between 26% and 74% or need government approval.
A trademark registration is valid for 10 years and must be renewed before expiry using Form TM-R, with a government fee of ₹9,000 online (₹10,000 offline). A 6-month grace period applies after expiry, with an added surcharge.
A foreign national or company can start a business in India by registering a Wholly Owned Subsidiary (100% FDI, most sectors, automatic route), a Joint Venture with an Indian partner, or a branch/liaison office — depending on how much control and activity they need.
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