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India applies GST in five main slabs — 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28% — assigned by HSN code for goods and SAC code for services. Most services fall under 18%; essential goods are nil-rated or 5%; luxury/sin goods attract 28% plus cess.
Exports of goods/services and supplies to SEZ units are "zero-rated" under GST — taxed at 0%, with full input tax credit still available, unlike exempt supplies where ITC is blocked. Exporters choose between LUT (no tax) or paying IGST and claiming a refund.
GST registration is done online on the GST portal using PAN, Aadhaar, business address proof and bank details, and typically takes 3–7 working days. Registration is mandatory once turnover crosses ₹40 lakh (goods) or ₹20 lakh (services).
Appointing a director requires their written consent (Form DIR-2), a DIN, and filing Form DIR-12 with the ROC within 30 days. Removal requires a board or shareholder resolution and also triggers a DIR-12 filing, with the outgoing director entitled to a reasonable opportunity to be heard.
GST registration itself is free of government fees — there is no official charge to register on the GST portal. Businesses typically pay only a professional service fee for document preparation and filing, plus a Digital Signature Certificate if applicable.
Increasing authorised share capital requires a board resolution, an ordinary shareholder resolution (if the articles permit), and filing Form SH-7 with the ROC along with the applicable stamp duty and government fee, which scale with the capital increase.
A trademark registration is valid for 10 years and must be renewed before expiry using Form TM-R, with a government fee of ₹9,000 online (₹10,000 offline). A 6-month grace period applies after expiry, with an added surcharge.
Software source code is protected as a "literary work" under the Indian Copyright Act, registered with the Copyright Office by submitting the first and last 10 pages of code. Copyright exists automatically on creation, but registration provides strong evidence in infringement disputes.
India classifies trademarks into 45 NICE classes — 1 to 34 for goods and 35 to 45 for services. Filing in the wrong class means your registration won't protect your actual business; most companies need 1–3 classes depending on their offerings.
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